Skin rash, respiratory depression, constipation.Drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, unsteadiness, and impaired coordination, vertigo.Anterograde amnesia and concentration problems.Sedative drugs, including alprazolam, have been associated with an increased risk of death. Įlderly individuals should be cautious in the use of alprazolam due to the possibility of increased susceptibility to side-effects, especially loss of coordination and drowsiness. Like all central nervous system depressants, alprazolam in larger-than-normal doses can cause significant deterioration in alertness and increase drowsiness, especially in those unaccustomed to the drug's effects. The use of alprazolam should be avoided or carefully monitored by medical professionals in individuals with: myasthenia gravis, acute narrow-angle glaucoma, severe liver deficiencies (e.g., cirrhosis), severe sleep apnea, pre-existing respiratory depression, marked neuromuscular respiratory, acute pulmonary insufficiency, chronic psychosis, hypersensitivity or allergy to alprazolam or other benzodiazepines, and borderline personality disorder (where it may induce suicidality and dyscontrol). Particular care should be taken in pregnant or elderly people, people with substance use disorder history (particularly alcohol dependence), and people with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Contraindications īenzodiazepines require special precaution if used in children and in alcohol- or drug-dependent individuals. Nausea due to chemotherapy Īlprazolam may be used in combination with other medications for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In the UK, alprazolam is recommended for the short-term treatment (2–4 weeks) of severe acute anxiety. In the US, alprazolam is FDA-approved for the management of anxiety disorders (a condition corresponding most closely to the APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder) or the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety. In one study, some long term, high-dosage users of alprazolam developed reversible depression. ![]() However, the research into antidepressant properties of alprazolam is poor and has only assessed its short-term effects against depression. Clinical studies have shown that the effectiveness is limited to 4 months for anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders Īnxiety associated with depression is responsive to alprazolam. Īlprazolam is recommended by the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) for treatment-resistant cases of panic disorder where there is no history of tolerance or dependence. However, people with panic disorder have been treated on an open basis for up to eight months without apparent loss of benefit. Most evidence shows that the benefits of alprazolam in treating panic disorder last only four to ten weeks. Alprazolam is not recommended in Australia for the treatment of panic disorder because of concerns regarding tolerance, dependence, and abuse. Panic disorder Īlprazolam is effective in the relief of moderate to severe anxiety and panic attacks. The FDA label advises that the physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug. Alprazolam is indicated for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults. Medical uses Īlprazolam is mostly used in management of anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and nausea due to chemotherapy. In 2020, it was the 37th most-commonly-prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 16 million prescriptions. Alprazolam is a Schedule IV controlled substance and is a common drug of abuse. and patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1981. ![]() Īlprazolam was invented by Jackson Hester at the Upjohn Company Alprazolam, like other benzodiazepines, acts through the GABA A receptor. Alprazolam increases all-cause mortality. Withdrawal or rebound symptoms may occur if use is suddenly decreased gradually decreasing the dose over weeks or months may be required. Some of the sedation and tiredness may improve within a few days. Ĭommon side effects include sleepiness, depression, headaches, feeling tired, dry mouth, and memory problems. GAD improvement occurs generally within a week. Other uses include the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea, together with other treatments. It is most commonly used in management of anxiety disorders, specifically panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax, among others, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of medium duration in the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring.
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